“What Happened to You?” A Powerful Exploration of Childhood Trauma

What happened to you

The impact of childhood trauma on brain development

Childhood trauma can have a profound impact on a child’s emotional, social, and cognitive development. In their book “What Happened to You?”, Bruce Perry and Oprah Winfrey explore the ways in which trauma can alter the way in which the brain forms and functions, leading to significant impacts on a child’s development.


Through their extensive research and experience working with children who have experienced trauma, Perry and Winfrey illustrate how exposure to traumatic experiences can cause changes in the brain’s stress response system, leading to increased levels of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can interfere with a child’s ability to regulate their emotions and behaviors. They also highlight the ways in which trauma can affect the development of the brain’s attachment system, leading to difficulties in forming and maintaining healthy relationships with others.

The effects of trauma on emotional and social development


As a trauma-informed parent, I found this information to be incredibly valuable in understanding the ways in which my own experiences of trauma may have affected my parenting and in developing strategies for supporting my children’s emotional and social development. I also appreciated the emphasis on the importance of providing a supportive and nurturing environment for children who have experienced trauma, and the ways in which this can help to mitigate the negative impacts of trauma on the developing brain.

The disproportionate impact of trauma on black children


One of the most striking aspects of “What Happened to You?” for me as a woman of color and caregiver is the way in which Perry and Winfrey highlight the disproportionate impact of trauma on black children. Through their research and discussions with black parents and caregivers, they illustrate the ways in which systemic racism, poverty, and other forms of oppression can increase the likelihood of black children experiencing trauma, and the unique challenges that black parents and caregivers face in supporting their children who have experienced trauma.

The importance of culturally sensitive trauma-informed care

I found this aspect of the book to be particularly relevant and important, as it helped me to better understand the ways in which my own experiences of reverse-colorism may have impacted my own emotional and mental health, as well as the ways in which these factors can affect the wellbeing of the children in my care. I also appreciated the emphasis on the need for trauma-informed care to be culturally sensitive and responsive to the unique needs and experiences of black children and families.

The value of “What Happened to You?” for parents, caregivers, and professionals working with children who have experienced trauma

Overall, I found “What Happened to You?” to be a valuable and thought-provoking read. Through their detailed exploration of the ways in which trauma can affect the developing brain, Perry and Winfrey provide valuable insights into the importance of using developmentally sensitive, neurobiology-informed treatment in the care of children who have experienced trauma. I would highly recommend this book to any parent, caregiver, or professional working with children who have experienced trauma, as it provides valuable insights and strategies for supporting their emotional and social development.

If you are a parent, caregiver, or professional working with children who have experienced trauma, I highly recommend reading Bruce Perry and Oprah Winfrey’s book “What Happened to You?” or “The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog”. These books provide valuable insights into the impact of childhood trauma on the developing brain and the importance of using developmentally sensitive, neurobiology-informed treatment in the care of children who have experienced trauma.

By reading these books, you will gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which trauma can affect a child’s emotional, social, and cognitive development, and learn strategies for supporting their emotional and social development. You will also learn about the unique challenges that children of color and families face in dealing with the impact of trauma, and the importance of providing culturally sensitive and responsive trauma-informed care.

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